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| 343 BC |
| | Aristotle is employed in Macedon as tutor to the 13-year-old heir to the throne, Alexander | |
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| c. 343 BC |
| | Hephaestion, Alexander's closest lifelong friend, may have been among the small group taught by Aristotle | |
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| c. 343 BC |
| | Homer's Iliad becomes a profound source of inspiration to Alexander, who will keep scrolls of the text in his tent during his conquests | |
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| c. 340 BC |
| | The theatre at Epidaurus is the earliest and best surviving example of a classical Greek stage and auditorium | |
| | Epidaurus, the theatre Fotofile CG
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| 340 BC |
| | Alexander the Great, at the age of sixteen, conducts his first successful military campaign – against the Thracians | |
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| c. 340 BC |
| | The Macedonians develop the catapult as a siege engine for the armies of Philip II and Alexander the Great | |
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| 338 BC |
| | Philip of Macedon defeats Athens and Thebes at Chaeronaea, giving him control of Greece | |
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| 337 BC |
| | Philip of Macedon persuades most of the Greek city-states, brought together in Corinth, to agree to a military alliance with himself as leader | |
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| 337 BC |
| | The League of Corinth resolves to launch a war against Persia, with Philip II in command of the confederate forces | |
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| 336 BC |
| | An advance guard of 10,000 troops sets off towards Persia in the spring, with Philip due to follow later with the main army | |
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